语法填空如何填词？
在语法填空题中，纯空格题，即无提示词的空，通常需要补充虚词。这些虚词包括助动词，代词，副词，连词，冠词，介词，助动词考查的几率较小。我们来看高考题中的例证。
助动词：出现在疑问句中为主，情态动词也可以归入这一范畴。
[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ] Then the driverstood up and asked，“68.________anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？”
解析：Did 一般疑问句，根据语境，为一般过去时，提助动词Did。
代词：考查定语从句中的关系代词who, which, that和it为主。物主代词的考查方法通常给予提示词，作为实词考查。
[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ] Maybe you havea habit 67.________ is driving your family crazy.
解析：which/that 定语从句中作主语，指物。
[2015·新课标全国卷Ⅰ] I'd skippednearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain topsand dark waters of the Li River 64.________ are pictured by artists in so manyChinese paintings.
解析：which/that 定语从句中作主语，指物。
[2016·全国新课标III] Some people think that the great Chinese scholarConfucius, 47.________ lived fromroughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
解析：who 非限定性定语从句中作主语，指人。
[2017·全国卷Ⅲ] But Sarah,64.________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove thatshe has brains as well as beauty.
解析：who 非限定性定语从句中作主语，指人。
[2017·全国卷Ⅱ] However, therailway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than25，000 people were using67.________ every day.
解析：it 指代上文提到的the railway。
[2017·全国卷Ⅰ] Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both, 70.________ is not good for thehealth.
解析：which 非限定性定语从句中作主语，指事。
副词：考查定语从句中关系副词when, why, where的用法，或者名词性从句中其连接作用的副词how。
[2015·全国卷Ⅱ] As naturalarchitects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70.________ thick the adobewalls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
解析：how 宾语从句中引导形容词，使用副词how，表示多么。
[2016·全国新课标I] But myconnection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65.________I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring forpandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
解析：when 引导定语从句，先行词为表示时间的mid-1980s，且该空在从句中充当状语。
连词：考查并列连词and,but, or或者从属连词what, which, how, when, because ...。若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填and, but, or 这样的连词。若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，则考虑填并列连词或者从属连词。
[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ] There were manypeople waiting at the bus stop, 62.________ some of them looked very anxiousand disappointed.
解析：and 两个单句表示并列关系。
[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ] But the riverwasn't changed in a few days 64.________ even a few months.
解析：or 时间状语表示选择关系。
[2016·全国新课标III] In much of Asia,especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan,Korea, 41.________ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
解析：and 三个国家表示并列关系。
[2016·全国新课标III] Over time, 45.________ the population grew, people began cutting foodinto small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
解析：when/as 引导时间状语，使用从属连词。
[2016·全国新课标II] So, get anearly start and try to be as productive 45.________ possible before lunch.
解析：as as…as possible为固定搭配，表示尽可能得……，possible前省略了it is。
冠词:名词前面，如果没有限定词,即冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词，则很有可能是填冠词。如果表示泛指，意为“一个” ，“又一个” ，或“每一” 时，用冠词a/an;如果表示特指，意为“这个,那个”或者表示最高级或者序数词时，用冠词the; 同时，也要注意如as a matter of fact，as a result, for a long time等这样的冠词的固定搭配。
[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ] Now, yearslater, this river is one of 63.________ most outstanding examples ofenvironmental clean up.
解析：the 形容词最高级使用定冠词。
[2015·全国卷Ⅱ] The adobedwellings(土坯房) built by thePueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62.________ mostmodern of architects and engineers.
解析：the 形容词最高级使用定冠词。
[2016·全国新课标II] Give yourbody and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48.________ a while, exercising,or dong something you enjoy.
解析：a for a while表示一段时间，为固定搭配。
[2016·全国新课标I] The nurseryteam switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is beingbottle-fed, 70.________ other is with mum-she never suspects.
解析：the one…theother…表示一个……，另一个……，为固定搭配，表示特指。
[2017·全国卷Ⅲ] Instead, she isearning ￡6,500a day as 62.________ model in New York.
解析：a 可数名词单数表示泛指。
[2017·全国卷Ⅱ] This includeddigging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over64.________ top.
解析：the 可数名词表示特指。
[2017·全国卷Ⅰ] As 65.________result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
解析：a as a result表示结果，为固定搭配。
介词：空格后面是名词、动名词或代词, 不是充当主语、表语也不是充当动词的宾语时，空格处应该填介词。
[2017·全国卷Ⅰ] This trend,which was started by the medical community (医学界) 61.________ amethod of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects.
解析：as 表示作为。
[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ] When the busfinally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next __64__ the window.
解析：to next to表示紧挨着，在……的旁边，为介词短语。
[2015·全国卷Ⅰ] For those who fly toGuilin, it's only an hour away 66.________ car and offers all the scenery ofthe better known city.
解析：by. bycar表示乘车。
[2015·全国卷Ⅱ] When a new daybreaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool thehouse during the hot day; 67.________ the same time, they warm up again for the night.
解析：at. at the same time表示与此同时，为固定搭配。
[2016·全国新课标III] Chopsticksare not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most peopletraditionally eat 50.________ their hands.
解析：with 表示使用某种工具时使用with。
[2016·全国新课标II] Most of usare more focused 44.________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in theday.
解析：on be focused on表示关注，为固定搭配。
[2016·全国新课标I] But myconnection with pandas goes back 64.________ my days on a TV show in themid-1980s.
解析：to go back to表示追溯到什么时候，为固定搭配。
[2017·全国卷Ⅲ] After schoolshe plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university toget a degree 68.________ engineering or architecture.
解析：in get a degreein sth.表示在某方面获得学位。
[2017·全国卷Ⅱ] It ran for justunder seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roadsabove as they travelled to and 62.________ work.
解析：from from…to…表示从……到……，为固定搭配。
小测试：
Thomas Edison, 1.________ was the greatest inventor,had his company on fire. “It’s all right. We’ve just got rid 2.________ a lotof rubbish.” He said. The other day, he told the newspaper “3.________ I amover 67 years old, I’ll start all over again tomorrow.”
答案：who, of, Though/Although.
___________________________
来源：国际教育研究所
作者：研究员 魏 勇
编辑：陈键伟
初审：文建军
终审：江节明
签发：王战兵
